In hot weather, the body's normal cooling system can fail, allowing internal heat to build up, sometimes to dangerous levels. As a result, a person may develop heat illnesses, such as heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heatstroke.
Heat Cramps
They are brief, severe cramps in the muscles of the arms, legs, or abdomen. They can occur during or after vigorous exercise in the extreme heat. Children are particularly susceptible to heat cramps when they haven't been drinking enough fluids. Most heat cramps don't require special treatment. A cool place, rest, and more fluids should ease those cramps.
Heat Exhaustion
Heat exhaustion is a more severe heat illness that can occur when a person in a hot climate or environment hasn't been drinking enough fluids. Symptoms may include:
dehydration
fatigue
weakness
clammy skin
headache
nausea and/or vomiting
hyperventilation (rapid breathing)
irritability
What to Do:
Bring the person indoors or into the shade.
Loosen or remove the person's clothing.
Encourage to eat and drink.
Give a bath in cool (not cold) water.
Call the doctor for further advice.
If left untreated, heat exhaustion may escalate into heatstroke, which can be fatal.
Heatstroke
The most severe form of heat illness, heatstroke is a life-threatening medical emergency. The body loses its ability to regulate its own temperature. Body temperature can soar to 106 degrees Fahrenheit (41.1 degrees Celsius) or even higher, leading to brain damage or even death if it isn't quickly treated. Prompt medical treatment is required to bring the body temperature under control.
Factors that increase the risk for heatstroke include overdressing and extreme physical exertion in hot weather with inadequate fluid intake.
Symptoms:
flushed, hot, dry skin with no sweating
temperature of 105 degrees Fahrenheit (40.6 degrees Celsius) or higher
severe, throbbing headache
weakness, dizziness, or confusion
sluggishness or fatigue
seizure
decreased responsiveness
loss of consciousness
What to Do:
Call for emergency medical help. Get the person indoors, or into shade
