Cheney said the Bush-era stance was rooted in a determination to ensure the Sept. 11 attacks didn't become "a prelude to something worse."
Cheney claimed that tough interrogations "prevented the violent death of thousands, if not hundreds of thousands, of innocent people." Cheney challenged Obama to release secret documents that he contends would prove this case.
Cheney said that al-Qaida's failure to pull off another attack inside the United States over the past 7½ years proves that the Bush strategy worked and should continue.
Bush-era policies ranging from harsh interrogation tactics to widened surveillance, Cheney said, were intended to prevent attacks similar in scale to the plane hijackings of the Sept. 11, 2001 terror attacks that killed more than 3,000 people.
"To the very end of our administration, we kept al-Qaida terrorists busy with other problems. We focused on getting their secrets, instead of sharing ours with them. And on our watch, they never hit this country again," Cheney said.
Despite his own criticisms, Cheney said that the public debate about interrogation practices and the Obama administration's legal framework for prosecuting terrorists is dangerous because he said it encourages terrorists to attack the United States.
"They see weakness and opportunity," Cheney said. "The terrorists see just what they were hoping for - our unity gone, our resolve shaken, our leaders distracted."
The former vice president bristled over the complaints about interrogation from lawmakers, pointing out that leading members of Congress, including House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., were briefed on the programs and methods.
"Yet for all these exacting efforts to do a hard and necessary job and to do it right, we hear from some quarters nothing but feigned outrage based on a false narrative," Cheney said. "In my long experience in Washington, few matters have inspired so much contrived indignation and phony moralizing as the interrogation methods applied to a few captured terrorists."
Speaking to an audience at the conservative American Enterprise Institute, Cheney said, "only detainees of the highest intelligence value were ever subjected to enhanced interrogation. You've heard endlessly about waterboarding. It happened to three terrorists."
Pelosi has said the CIA misled her in 2002 about whether waterboarding, which simulates drowning, had been used.
Cheney delayed the start of his address until after Obama finished his speech.
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