The agency issued new rules for the J-1 Summer Work and Travel Program, which brings more than 100,000 foreign college students to the United States each year.
The changes are the latest in a series of steps the State Department has taken to fix the program since the 2010 AP investigation. The investigation found that some participants were working in strip clubs, not always willingly, while others were put in living and working conditions they compared to indentured servitude.
In one of the worst cases of abuse, a woman told the AP she was beaten, raped and forced to work as a stripper in Detroit after being promised a job as a waitress in Virginia.
More common than sex-trade problems were shabby housing, hefty work hours and paltry pay. In August, dozens of workers protested conditions at a candy factory that packs Hershey chocolates in Hershey, Penn., complaining of hard physical labor and pay deductions for rent that often left them with little money.
Officials say the new rules limit the hours and jobs participants can work, and make clear the program is about fostering cultural understanding.
The J-1 program, created under the Fulbright-Hays Act of 1961, allows foreign college students to spend up to four months living and working in the U.S. It was meant to encourage cultural exchanges, but has become a multimillion-dollar international business.
"In recent years, the work component has too often overshadowed the core cultural component necessary for the Summer Work Travel Program to be consistent with the intent of the Fulbright-Hays Act," the State Department said in a statement announcing the new rules.
"Also, the Department learned that criminal organizations were involving participants in incidents relating to the illegal transfer of cash, the creation of fraudulent businesses, and violations of immigration law."
The program was meant to allow students who couldn't otherwise afford to visit the U.S. to work in seasonal, temporary jobs to offset the costs of their travel. But many participants have been packed into overcrowded housing and sent to work in places including factories, where they had little exposure to U.S. culture.
The new rules are meant to ensure that students get jobs where there will be interaction with Americans. There also are three new rules meant to protect U.S. workers, including prohibiting companies from hiring J-1 workers if the company has had layoffs in the previous 120 days.
