Panamanian President Ricardo Martinelli told RPC radio on Monday that the ship had been headed for North Korea. There were no immediate details on the quantity of arms aboard.
Martinelli said the undeclared military cargo appeared to include missiles and non-conventional arms and the ship was violating United Nations resolutions against arms trafficking.
Earlier, the president said on his Twitter account that the arms were "hidden in containers underneath the cargo of sugar."
He offered no details but posted a photo of what appeared to be a green tubular object sitting inside a cargo container or the ship's hold.
Panamanian authorities have only searched one of the ship's five cargo holds so far, said Luis Eduardo Camacho, a spokesman for the president.
"This material not being declared and Panama being a neutral country, a country in peace, that doesn't like war, we feel very worried about this war material and we don't know what else will have ... passed through the Panama Canal," Martinelli said.
The government of North Korea had not commented on Martinelli's remarks as of Tuesday morning. Cuban government officials did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Hugh Griffiths, an arms trafficking expert at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, said the seized ship is called Chong Chon Gang and has been on the institute's suspect list for some time.
He said the ship had been caught before for trafficking narcotics and small arms ammunition. It was stopped in 2010 in the Ukraine and was attacked by pirates 400 miles off the coast of Somalia in 2009.
Griffiths' institute has also been interested in the ship because of a stop it made in 2009 in Tartus - a Syrian port city hosting a Russian naval base.
Griffiths also said the institute earlier this year reported to the U.N. a discovery it made of a flight from Cuba to North Korea that travelled via central Africa.
"Given the history of North Korea, Cuban military cooperation and now this latest seizure, we find this flight more interesting," he said. "After this incident there should be renewed focus on North Korean-Cuban links."
In early July, a top North Korean general, Kim Kyok Sik, visited Cuba and met with his island counterparts.
Cuban Communist Party newspaper Granma said he was also received by President Raul Castro, and the two had an "exchange about the historical ties that unite the two nations and the common will to continue strengthening them."
The meetings were held behind closed doors, and there has been no detailed account of their discussions.
Martinelli told RPC the 35 North Koreans on the boat resisted police efforts to take the ship to the Caribbean port of Manzanillo. The crew was later taken into custody.
Martinelli said the captain had a heart attack and also tried to commit suicide during the operation.
He said authorities had been tipped off some days ago that the ship might be carrying drugs.
In a report sent to subscribers Tuesday, Lloyd's List Intelligence said the ship's last known port call was in Vostochnyy, Russia. It departed April 12 with a stated destination of Havana, traveled west of Japan and then across the Pacific to arrive in Balboa, Panama, on May 31.
It crossed through the Panama Canal the following day.
"And then we lose track of it, there's no AIS information," said Daryl Williamson, director of maritime data at Lloyd's List Intelligence in London, referring to the Automatic Identification System of tracking maritime traffic using on-board transponders.
"What's been said by the Panamanian authorities is consistent with the observations, but we haven't been able to verify by 'eyes-on' the arrival in Cuba," he added.
There was no confirmation of its arrival in Havana. The ship then popped up again in Cristobal, Panama, on July 12.
The Lloyd's List report said the ship, which is registered to the Pyongyang-based Chongchongang Shipping Company, "has a long history of detentions for safety deficiencies and other undeclared reasons."
The report added that the vessel docked in Chinese ports for several months before going to Russia. It said the ship was built in 1979 and has a deadweight capacity of 14,000 tons.
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AP writers Malin Rising in Stockholm and Peter Orsi in Havana contributed to this report.
