It happened just before 10:30 p.m. Thursday at 51st and Brown streets.
Police said 25 shots were fired from two weapons at a group of girls sitting in the car near the West Mill Creek Playground.
"So it appears our victim was sitting in this vehicle with other females when for some reason someone began firing shots into that vehicle from very, very close range," Philadelphia Police Chief Inspector Scott Small said.
Authorities also found a shell casing on the basketball court.
16-year-old girl shot in West Philadelphia, police say
Police said someone drove the girl to a nearby hospital.
She suffered a shoulder wound and is listed in stable condition.
The other victims were not at the scene when police arrived.
Authorities hope cameras nearby will help lead them to the shooters.
Anyone with any information is asked to call police at 215-686-TIPS.