The first-round pick averaged 16 points, 5.6 rebounds and 4.2 steals in his inaugural campaign.
Also making first-team All-Rookie: Dallas' Cooper Flagg, Charlotte's Kon Knueppel; San Antonio's Dylan Harper; and Memphis' Cedric Coward. Harper also appeared on all 100 ballots, with 93 first-team nods and seven second-team votes.
Edgecombe is the first Sixer to earn first-team All-Rookie honors since Ben Simmons in 2018.
Those five players were also the only ones to get votes in the Rookie of the Year balloting, where Flagg edged Knueppel for top honors.
The All-Rookie second team included New Orleans' Jeremiah Fears and Derik Queen, Utah's Ace Bailey, Sacramento's Maxime Reynaud and Toronto's Collin Murray-Boyles.
The NBA will announce the All-Defensive team on Friday and the All-NBA team on Sunday, with Coach of the Year set to be announced Tuesday.
The Associated Press contributed to this post.