State Police say Jill Biden was driving a 2001 BMW southbound in the left lane when a tractor-trailer moved into her lane and struck her vehicle.
Biden was taken to Christiana Hospital, where she was treated for minor injuries and released.
The driver of the tractor-trailer, Duane Vanderbosh of Perryville, Maryland, was not injured. He was cited for careless driving.
In 1972, Biden's first wife, Neilia, and the couple's 18-month-old daughter, Naomi, were killed when the family's station wagon was hit by a tractor-trailer at an intersection.
A spokesman for the senator says he can't comment on family matters.