What is storm surge? Explaining dangers along Florida's coast now that Hurricane Ian made landfall

When the hurricane closes in on land, its strong winds push that water toward the coast and up onto land.

ByGinger Zee, Daniel Manzo, Emily Shapiro and Karma Allen ABCNews logo
Wednesday, September 28, 2022
What to know about storm surges as Hurricane Ian nears Florida
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Hurricane Ian is expected to bring a dangerous storm surge of up to 18 feet along Florida's southwest coast.

TAMPA BAY, Fla. -- Hurricane Ian, made landfall in Florida on Wednesday. It is expected to bring a dangerous storm surge of up to 18 feet along Florida's Southwest coast, including Englewood, Bonita Beach and Charlotte Harbor.

"Our biggest concern as we wait for this storm to make landfall is storm surge," FEMA Administrator Deanne Criswell warned Tuesday. "In 2018, when Hurricane Michael impacted the Florida Panhandle, there were five recorded fatalities as a result of storm surge."

MORE: Hurricane Ian live radar, tracker updates

Here's how storm surge works:

As pressure falls in the hurricane's center, water levels rise. The water accumulates while the storm is still over the open ocean.

When the hurricane closes in on land, its strong winds push that water toward the coast and up onto land, creating walls of water sometimes as high as 20 feet.

SEE ALSO: Hurricane categories explained

The danger to people inside houses on the coast is the deluge of water that can flood homes and overpower walls rapidly.

During Hurricane Katrina in 2005, at least 1,500 people died "directly, or indirectly, as a result of storm surge," the National Hurricane Center said.

When Hurricane Sandy hit New York and New Jersey in 2012, many homes filled quickly with water that reached levels of 8 to 9 feet.

WATCH | Hurricane Ian whips up strong waves as storm barrels toward Florida

The risks can be even greater if storm surge combines with high tide, creating a devastating, rapid rise in water levels.

Editor's Note: This article on storm surge was initially published in 2018.