With governments in Haiti, Egypt and the Philippines among others already facing social unrest because of rising food prices and shortages, Strauss-Kahn said that if the price spike continues, "Thousands, hundreds of thousands of people will be starving. Children will be suffering from malnutrition, with consequences for all their lives."
Earlier Saturday, Germany's development minister, who is attending the World Bank's meeting Sunday, called for greater regulation of the global biofuels market to prevent its expansion from driving up food prices.
"It is unacceptable for the export of agrofuels to pose a threat to the supply situation of the very people already living in poverty," Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul said in a statement.
She said the world needs new rules that balance goals, including climate change mitigation, food security and social development.
The development group Oxfam, a frequent IMF critic, said rich countries are largely responsible for the food crisis because they have been cutting aid to developing countries and encouraging biofuel production, which the IMF says is responsible for almost half the increase in the demand for food crops.
"Rich countries' demand for biofuel is driving up food prices and is a big part of the problem," said Elizabeth Stuart, an Oxfam policy adviser. "Meanwhile, by cutting aid levels, they are doing precious little to be part of the solution."
Strauss-Kahn spoke at a news conference after a daylong meeting of the steering committee of the 185-nation IMF, which dealt with the unfolding global financial crisis that has affected economies around the world.
In its communique, the committee noted "that a number of developing countries, especially low income countries, face a sharp rise in food and energy prices, which have a particularly strong impact on the poorest segments of the population."
The committee urged the IMF to work closely with its sister institution, the World Bank, and other organizations to provide developing countries with financial support and policy advice.
The Washington-based IMF and World Bank were established 64 years ago to, respectively, regulate the global economy and provide aid to poor countries to reduce poverty.
The finance ministers and central bankers said their meeting took place "at a time of unusual uncertainties surrounding global and financial market prospects. It stresses that the challenges facing the world economy are global in nature, requiring strong action and close cooperation among the membership."
They said risks to the economic outlook "come from the still unfolding financial market turmoil and from the potential worsening" of housing markets and the credit crisis.
"Inflationary risks - notably from higher food, energy and commodity prices - have also risen," the communique said.
The IMF said governments, in dealing with these risks, must make sure inflation is kept under control, recognizing that each country's situation is different but coherent action is necessary.
Another topic on the committee's agenda was IMF reform. The ministers said changes such as giving developing countries with rapidly growing economies, such as Brazil, India and China, slightly more of a say in IMF operations "will strengthen the fund's role in promoting financial stability and international monetary cooperation."
Strauss-Kahn predicted the reforms would be approved by enough countries to meet the necessary threshold of 85 percent of the votes later this month.
Most important decisions at the IMF, such as changing voting rights, require an 85 percent vote, giving the United States and the European Union effective vetoes. The United States is the largest IMF shareholder with more than 15 percent of the votes.
After the reforms, Strauss-Kahn said, the IMF needs to refocus on its mission.
"We now need to stop looking inwards to the problem of organizing the fund itself and spend more time looking outwards to the problems of the world," he said.
