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The accident occurred Wednesday morning in Cape Cod's Provincetown Harbor. A second man in the canoe survived.
The Coast Guard says a vessel owned by a local boat rental company pulled the men from the water, but paramedics were unable to revive one of them. The man's name was not immediately released.
The survivor told authorities that the 12-foot canoe came in contact with at least one whale that surfaced. Investigators believe it was a pod of pilot whales - or possibly dolphins.
The Cape and Islands District Attorney's office is investigating.
