Officials say the blaze at the Barber National Institute home for the developmentally disabled in Millcreek Township was reported just before 5 a.m. Saturday.
Erie County Coroner Lyell Cook said the two men were pronounced dead at the scene at 7:30 a.m.
Cook says the victims are believed to be 61- and 64-year-old residents of the home. Their names are not being released pending confirmation of their identities.
Witnesses told the Erie Times-News that a staff member helped three other residents escape, and firefighters rescued a fourth from the ranch-style home, which was destroyed. One person was taken for treatment of smoke inhalation. The cause of the fire remains under investigation.