Gen. David Petraeus, who executed the Iraq surge in 2007, told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that he supports the upcoming escalation of U.S. forces in Afghanistan.
"While certainly different and, in some ways tougher than Iraq, Afghanistan is no more hopeless than Iraq was when I took command there in February 2007," Petraeus said. Indeed, he said, the level of violence and number of violent civilian deaths in Iraq were vastly higher than what has been seen in Afghanistan.
Petraeus is commanding general of U.S. Central Command, which has responsibility for overseeing US military activities in Central Asia, including Afghanistan and Pakistan, as well as the Middle East. He appeared with Ambassador to Kabul Karl Eikenberry and Deputy Secretary of State Jacob Lew to answer questions about President Barack Obama's new plan to send 30,000 more U.S. forces to Afghanistan and begin drawing down by July 2011.
Petraeus said he believes that the new policy "will over the next 18 months enable us to make important progress."
Petraeus would not give an estimate of how many years it would take for Afghan security forces to fully assume responsibility for the country's security.
"It is going to be years before they can handle the bulk," of security duties, Petraeus said.
Sen. Dick Lugar, ranking Republican on the committee, said he's confident allied forces will improve security in Afghanistan, but that the biggest question is whether that will help root out Taliban and al-Qaida havens across the border in Pakistan.
"The president has said that the United States did not choose this war, and he is correct," said Lugar of Indiana. "But with these troop deployments to Afghanistan, we are choosing the battlefield where we will concentrate most of our available military resources."
"The risk is that we will expend tens of billions of dollars fighting in a strategically less important Afghanistan, while Taliban and al-Qaida leaders become increasingly secure in Pakistan," Lugar said.
Committee Chairman John Kerry agreed.
"Pakistan is in many ways the core of our challenge," said the Massachusetts Democrat.
He praised Pakistan's military for taking on Pakistani insurgents in offensives of recent months. "Now we are looking for Pakistan to also take on the Afghan Taliban," al-Qaida and other insurgents in their territory, Kerry added.
Petraeus said efforts made by Pakistan over the past year have been the largest and most effective Islamabad has undertaken against internal extremists. That, he said, is "an important step forward" and does help U.S. efforts to degrade extremist groups in the border region and to defeat al-Qaida.
The commander in Afghanistan, Gen. Stanley McChrystal told the Senate Armed Services Committee on Tuesday that he believes the Taliban can be defeated; he defined that as weakening the militants to a point that they no longer are capable of threatening the Afghan government. His first objective, though, is to reverse the momentum the Taliban have acquired in recent years.
McChrystal cautioned against expecting immediate results, but he said progress should be evident within a year.
"Ultimate success will be the cumulative effect of sustained pressure," he said.
While endorsing the president's plan, the general said he had not recommended Obama's 18-month deadline for beginning a pullout and had preferred that more fresh forces be sent in.
Eikenberry, who had privately expressed doubts about sending a large number of additional troops, stressed the importance of widening the anti-Taliban effort to include more U.S. and NATO civilian contributions to stabilizing the country and building the credibility of the central government.
The ambassador said with the right strategy in place the United States can succeed in Afghanistan, but he sounded less absolute than McChrystal.
"Our forces and our civilians are trying to help a society that simultaneously wants and rejects outside intervention," he said.
In Afghanistan on Wednesday, Defense Secretary Robert Gates toured NATO's new joint command center at the Kabul airport.
"Getting this place gives us new opportunities, especially now that there are new forces coming," he said. "We've got all the pieces coming together to be successful here."
