State police say 24-year-old Carlos Lanns of Hamilton, N.J. was arrested just after 7 p.m. on Monday after arriving at Boston's Logan International Airport on a JetBlue flight.
Police did not say how it was determined there was cocaine inside the shoes.
Police say Lanns was held overnight on $25,000 cash bail and is scheduled to be arraigned Tuesday in East Boston District Court.
It was not immediately clear if he had a lawyer.